Conditional Sentences
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Exercise 21
1.
Were understand
2.
Wouldn’t have been
3.
Will give
4.
Would have told
5.
Would have been
6.
Had
7.
Could stop
8.
Were need
9.
Would have found
10.
Enjoyed
11.
Paint
12.
Were
13.
Has write
14.
Could have permitted
15.
Were spending
16.
Will accept
17.
Has buy
18.
Has decided
19.
Would have written
20.
Will leak
21.
Has studied
22.
Has near
23.
See
24.
Has get
25.
Turn
26.
Were
27.
Would have called
28.
Would have talked
29.
Explained
30.
Spoke
·
Exercise 22
1.
Eating
2.
Eat
3.
Swim
4.
Like
5.
Speaking
6.
Studying
7.
Dance
8.
Sleeping
9.
Eating
10.
Eating
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Exercise 23
1.
Stay
2.
Have stayed
3.
Work
4.
Study
5.
Not study
6.
Have
7.
Had stood
8.
Not cook
9.
Hadn’t arrived
10.
Have slept
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Exercise 24
1.
Should have had
2.
Must have been
3.
Must have damaged
4.
Must not have parked
5.
Must have studied
6.
Should have studied
7.
Must have been
8.
Should have deposited
9.
Must have forgotten
10.
Must not have studied
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Exercise 25
1.
I would
2.
Would have gone
3.
May have had
4.
Should have done
5.
Must have forgotten
6.
May have slept
7.
Might have had
8.
Could have lost
9.
Shouldn’t have driven
10.
May have run
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Artikel Conditional Sentences
CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
Conditional Sentence (=Kalimat pengandaian) adalah kalimat yang digunakan untuk
menyatakan sesuatu yang mungkin terjadi atau mungkin tidak terjadi seperti yang
[url removed, login to view] pengandaian terdiri atas dua bagian, yaitu man
clause (induk kalimat) dan if clause (anak kalimat). Dalam if clause terkandung
syarat-syarat yang harus dipenuhi agar keadaan seperti terkandung dalam main
clause dapat terwujud. Oleh karena itu, conditional sentences disebut juga
kalimat bersyarat. Conditional Sentences atau kalimat pengandaian terdiri dari
dua jenis yaitu real conditional (nyata) dan unreal/ contrary to fact (tidak
nyata).
Conditional sentences pada umumnya memiliki ciri-ciri sebagai berikut:
a. digunakannya kata if dalam anak kalimat (subordinate clause). Karena clause
ini diawali olehif maka disebut if clause.
b. digunakannya modal auxiliary, seperti will, can, may, must, would, could,
might, [url removed, login to view] pokok kalimat (main clause).
Ada beberapa tipe Conditional Sentence, yaitu:
1. Type I: Future Conditional
2. Type II: Present Conditional
3. Type III: Past Conditional
1. Type I: Future Conditional
Kalimat ini mengungkapkan kejadian yang diharapkan akan terjadi di masa yang
akan datang dan memiliki kemungkinan untuk terjadi. (probable condition)
Pola kalimat:
If + S + Verb (present), S + future tense
atau
subjek + future tense, if + subjek + future tense
Contoh:
1. If she comes, I will give her the message.
2. If you study hard, you will pass the final exam.
3. If she wins the competition, they will give her a gold medal.
4. He will not go to the picnic, if it rains.
5. If we arrive late, she will be angry with us.
2. Type II: Present Conditional
Kalimat ini menyatakan peristiwa yang diharapkan terjadi sekarang tetapi tidak
terjadi.(Improbable condition)
Pola kalimat:
If + S + Verb 2 / were + S + would + Verb1
If + S + V2, Subject + Past Future
Contoh:
1. If she visited me, I would give her money.
2. 2. If I had enough time, I would go fishing.
3. If you were a sugar, I would be a ant.
4. If Natasha Rizky were my girlfriend, I would be the happiest boy in the
world.
5. If he smokes less, he wouldn’t cough so much.
Catatan:
Pada tipe ini, to be untuk semua subyek pada IF clause adalah WERE.
3. Type III : Past Conditional
Kalimat ini menyatakan peristiwa yang diharapkan terjadi di waktu lampau,
tetapi tidak terjadi.(impossible condition)
Pola kalimat:
If + S + Past Perfect +, S + Past perfect future + Verb 3
Subject + Past perfect future, if + Subjek + Past Perfect + V3
Contoh:
1. If he had studied hard, he would have passed the final exam.
2. If the team had played well, it would have won the competition.
3. If Alter Bridge had been here, I would have been very happy.
4. If you had come to my house, you would have met me.
5. If I had known her number, i would have called her
6. Pengertian Conditional Type 1
Conditional type 1 adalah kalimat pengandaian yang digunakan ketika result /
consequence (hasil) dari condition (syarat) memiliki kemungkinan untuk terwujud
karena condition-nya realistik untuk dipenuhi di masa depan.
7. Rumus Conditional Type 1
Rumus kalimat pengandaian ini dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai berikut di bawah
ini.
8. if + condition, result/consequence
if + simple present, will + bare infinitive
9. atau rumus tanpa menggunakan koma:
10. result/consequence + if + condition
will + bare infinitive + if + simple present
11. Negatif if + condition
12. Rumus: if…not dapat digantikan dengan unless.
13. Contoh Conditional Type 1
Beberapa contoh conditional type 1 dapat dilihat pada tabel di bawah ini.
14. Kalimat Contoh conditional type 1 dengan koma Contoh conditional type 1
tanpa koma
(+) If I have free time, I will go swimming. I will go swimming if I have free
time.
If the bell rings, I’ll go home. I’ll go home if the bell
rings.
(-) If you do not finish your homework, your teacher will be angry. Your
teacher will be angry if you do not finish your homework.
If he doesn’t come, I won’t be angry. I won’t be
angry if he doesn’t come.
Unless he comes, I will not be angry. I will not be angry unless he comes.
If he comes, I won’t be angry. I won’t be angry if he
comes.
(?) If they invite you, will you come? Will you come if they invite you?
15. Pengertian Conditional Type 2
Conditional type 2 adalah kalimat pengandaian yang digunakan ketika result /
consequence (hasil) dari condition (syarat) tidak memiliki atau hanya sedikit
kemungkinan untuk terwujud karena condition-nya tidak mungkin dipenuhi dimasa
sekarang (present unreal situation) atau condition-nya sulit untuk dipenuhi di
masa depan (unlikely to happen).
16. Rumus Conditional Type 2
Rumus kalimat pengandaian ini dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai berikut.
if + condition, result/consequence
if + simple past, would/could/might + bare infinitive
17. atau rumus tanpa menggunakan koma:
18. result/consequence + if + condition
would/could/might + bare infinitive + if + simple past
19. Negatif if + condition
20. Rumus: if…not dapat digantikan dengan unless.
21. Were Menggantikan Was
Pada conditional type 2, were digunakan menggantikan was meskipun subjek yang
digunakan merupakan pronoun: she, he, it, maupun kata benda tunggal. Hal ini
untuk menunjukkan bahwa pengandaiannya benar-benar hanya berupa khayalan semata
karena tidak condition-nya tidak mungkin dipenuhi (present unreal situation).
22. if + condition, result/consequence
if + S + were, would (could/might) + bare infinitive
23. Contoh Conditional Type 2
Beberapa conditional type 2 dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai berikut di bawah
ini.
24. Kal. Contoh Conditional type 2 dengan koma Contoh Conditional type 2 tanpa
koma Keterangan
(+) If it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day.
(Jika besok hujan, saya akan tidur sepanjang hari.) He would sleep all day if
it rained tomorrow. but I don’t have much hope it will rain
(tapi saya tidak punya cukup keyakinan bahwa besok akan hujan)
If Nisa studied hard, she would pass.
(Jika Nisa belajar keras, dia akan lulus.) Nisa would pass if she studied hard.
but Nisa doesn’t study hard
(tapi Nisa tidak belajar keras.)
If I had much money, I would buy a sport car.
(Jika saya punya banyak uang, saya akan membeli sebuah mobil sport.) I would
buy a sport car if I had much money. but I don’t have much money
(tapi saya tidak punya banyak uang)
If I were a millionaire, I would donate my money to charity.
(Jika saya seorang millionaire, saya akan mendonasikan uang saya untuk amal.) I
would donate my money to charity if I were a millionaire. but I’m not
a millionaire
(tapi saya bukan seorang milioner)
(-) If Nisa didn’t study hard, she wouldn’t be passed.
(Jika Nisa tidak belajar keras, dia tidak akan lulus.) Nisa wouldn’t
be passed if she didn’t study hard. but Nisa studies hard
(tapi Nisa belajar keras)
If Nisa studied hard, she wouldn’t fail.
(Jika Nisa belajar keras, dia tidak akan gagal.) Nisa wouldn’t fail
if she studied hard. -
If Nisa didn’t study hard, she would fail.
atau
Unless Nisa studied hard, she would fail.
(Jika Nisa tidak belajar keras, dia akan gagal.) Nisa would fail If she
didn’t study hard.
atau
Nisa would fail unless she studied hard. -
If I were a millionaire, I wouldn’t donate my money to charity. I
wouldn’t donate my money to charity if I were a millionaire. -
(?) If Nisa didn’t study hard, would she fail? Would Nisa fail if she
didn’t study hard? -
If I had much money, would I buy a sport car? Would I buy a sport car if I had
much money? -
If I were a millionaire, would I donate my money to charity? Would I donate my
money to charity If I were a millionaire? -
Pengertian Conditional Type 3
Conditional type 3 adalah kalimat pengandaian yang digunakan ketika result /
consequence (hasil) dari condition (syarat) tidak ada kemungkinan untuk
terwujud karena condition-nya harus sudah dipenuhi di masa lalu.
Rumus Conditional Type 3
Rumus kalimat pengandaian ini adalah sebagai berikut.
if + condition, result/consequence
if + past perfect, would/should/could/might + bare infinitive
atau rumus tanpa menggunakan tanda baca koma:
result/consequence + if + condition
would/should/could/might + bare infinitive + if + past perfect
Contoh Conditional Type 3
Beberapa contoh conditional type 3 dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai berikut di
bawah ini.
Kalimat Contoh Conditional type 3 dengan koma Contoh Conditional type 3 tanpa
koma
(+) If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party. I
would have attended your party if you had remembered to invite me.
(-) If the waitress had been careful, she wouldn’t have broke many
plates. She wouldn’t have broke many plates if the waitress had been
careful.
(?) If he had asked for forgiveness, would you have forgived him? Would you
have forgived him if he had asked for forgiveness?
